Introducing four exciting books in the Displaced Dynasties series by Jim Reilly.
Volume 1 - Nebuchadnezzar & The Egyptian Exile
Volume 2 - Piankhi the Chameleon
Volume 3 - The Genealogy of Ashakhet Part 1: From Amarna to Troy
Volume 4 - The Genealogy of Ashakhet Part 2: From Imhotep to Apophis
CONTACT THE AUTHOR: [email protected]
Volume 2 - Piankhi the Chameleon
Volume 3 - The Genealogy of Ashakhet Part 1: From Amarna to Troy
Volume 4 - The Genealogy of Ashakhet Part 2: From Imhotep to Apophis
CONTACT THE AUTHOR: [email protected]
Displaced Dynasties Series
The chronology of Ancient Egypt is grossly in error, the source of serious interpretive problems for historians and archaeologists alike, who work in cultures whose antiquity is synchronized with the timeline of the traditional Egyptian dynastic history. For over a half century attempts to revise or entirely rewrite Egyptian history earlier than the twenty-fifth dynasty have been underway, beginning with the pivotal, ground breaking Ages in Chaos (1952) of Immanuel Velikovsky and continued most recently by Peter James et. al. in Centuries of Darkness (1991) and by David Rohl in his controversial book A Test of Time (U.S.A. Pharaohs & Kings (1995)).
The Bottleneck
Most, if not all of these works suffer from the criticism that they consider as sacrosanct the 664-525 B.C. dates for the 26th dynasty, and the date 691-665 B.C. for the reign of Taharkha, the ultimate 25th dynasty pharaoh. Many favor a lowering of dates for dynasties 21 and 22, and presumably therefore for earlier dynasties as well (a domino effect), but are hindered in their research by irresolvable conflicts with the firmly entrenched dates for Taharkha and the 26th dynasty pharaohs.
Without doubt the most influential of the revisionist works is that of Immanuel Velikovsky. In his groundbreaking Ages in Chaos he presented convincing evidence that the Egyptian 18th dynasty should be moved at least 500 years forward in time, from the 16th to 14th centuries B.C. to the late 11th through mid 9th centuries. But there he stopped, unable to relocate the 19th and 20th dynasties which ought to have followed in sequence. There was simply not enough room in the traditional timeline to fit the remaining dynasties. What to do? For the next quarter century the scholastic world waited for Velikovsky to resolve the problem. In 1977 in Peoples of the Sea, and in 1978 in Ramses II and His Time, only a year before Velikovsky's untimely death in 1979, the answer came. The 20th dynasty was moved to the 4th century where its pivotal king Ramses III emerged as Nectanebo I of the 30th dynasty. The 19th dynasty was moved to the late 7th century where Ramses II assumed the identity of the Egyptian king Necho, who killed Josiah king of Judah and fought several battles against the neo-Babylonian army of Nebuchadnezzar (now an alter-ego for the Hittite king Hattusilis). These solutions were clearly unacceptable to fellow revisionists, much less to traditional historians. The logic of Velikovsky's arguments was strained to say the least.
The Solution
The problem for Velikovsky was in large measure the same problem that has faced dozens of reformers who have followed him. There is simply not enough time between the mid 9th century and the year 664 B.C. in which to reposition dynasties 19 to 25. This Displaced Dynasties series of books solves the problem.
Volume 1 moves the 26th dynasty forward in time 121 years, from the traditional dates 664-525 B.C. to a position overlapping a slightly extended 27th (Persian) dynasty (543-404 B.C.).
Volume 2 repositions dynasty 25 roughly between the dates 637 and 565 B.C. and argues strenuously that Piankhi, its founder, assumed as an Egyptian name the nomen and prenomen Menkheperre Thutmose, identifying himself with the 18th dynasty pharoah of like name. It also argues that the 20th and 21st dynasties should be dated in the interval from the mid 8th to the mid 7th century, presenting unimpeachable evidence that Piankhi was the son and successor of Pinudjem I , a 21st dynasty (Theban branch) contemporary of Psusennes II, one of the last kings of the Tanite branch of the 21st dynasty. Thus these two books essentially remove the bottleneck, allowing a full century (mid 9th to mid 8th century B.C.) in which to situate the 19th dynasty.
Volume 3: Positioning the 19th dynasty, and slightly revising Velikovsky's positioning of the 18th dynasty, were the tasks of the third book in the Displaced Dynasties series. It turns out that Velikovsky was only about 50 years late in his placement of dynasty 18. Many of his arguments have been marginally revised and/or rephrased in Volume 3 of our series. In this volume the Amarna age of Egypt is dated to the years 930-900 B.C., synchronous with the beginning of the divided monarchy in Israel. Akhenaton, the heritic king of Egypt responsible for introducing a deviant form of monotheism into Egyptian religion, supposedly the inspiration for later developments in Israelite religion (and literature), turns out to have lived at the end of the 10th century B.C. His ideas were clearly antecedent to the fully developed religion of Israel. There can be no doubt that he received his belief in one all powerful deity from the writings of kings David and Solomon, not the reverse. The 19th dynasty kings Seti I and Ramses II are dated 869-840 and 840-774 B.C. respectively, the death of the latter preceding by less than a decade the cataclysm which ended the dynasty.
Volume 4, the last in the series, deals exclusively with the 2nd millenium B.C., providing a reliable timeline for dynasties 3-17, i.e. from the time of Imhotep, the powerful visier of pharaoh Djoser of the 3rd dynasty (whom we identify conclusively as the Israeli boy genius Joseph ben Jacob), to the 17th dynasty Hyksos/Amalekite king Apophis, whose dealings with Saul, the first king of Israel, are documented in the Hebrew Bible.
Mesopotamian History Section
New material is periodically being added to this website in a section entitled "Mesopotamian History". To date we have presented the following ten papers, which we encourage readers to peruse at their leisure. PLEASE NOTE THAT PAPERS #1-10 COMPLETELY REVISE BABYLONIAN HISTORY BETWEEN THE YEARS 970-715 BC!! and PAPER #10 PROVIDES DATES FOR THE EARLY KASSITE KINGS AND THE AMORITE AND SEALAND DYNASTIES. THE RECENTLY PUBLISHED PAPER #11a BEGINS A TWO PART SERIES OF PAPERS DEFENDING THE 1351-1309 BC DATES ASSIGNED HAMMURABI IN PAPER 10.
NOTE: ALL PAPERS CAN BE ACCESSED HERE OR FROM THE CHRONOLOGY SECTION.
1. Argument proving the existence of a late 10th century Ashuruballit.
2. Babylonian Dynastic History - An Outline (The Beginning of a revision of Babylonian History).
3. Argument that the later kings of the Babylonian “dynasty of E” were vassals of the 8th century 3rd dynasty Kassite kings.
The following four papers all argue that the early kings of the Babylonian "dynasty of E" were vassals of the 10th/9th century 3rd dynasty Kassites.
Paper #4 - Arguments 1 & 2: The Babylonian Campaigns and the Annals of Adad-nirari II
(published Oct 17, 2015)
Paper #5 - Argument 3: Redating the Broken Obelisk. (published Nov 12, 2015)
Paper #6 - Arguments 4 & 5: The annals of Tukulti-Ninurta II and the kin-group of Arad-Ea. (published Dec. 15, 2015)
Paper #7 - Arguments 6 & 7: Synchronisms involving the Shandabakku and miscellaneous others. (published Jan. 25, 2016)
8. Dating the Kassite kings #1 - 16, the 1st Sealand dynasty, & the Amorite dynasty (including Hammurabi). (published March 15, 2016)
9. Hammurabi: In defense of his mid to late 14th century dates (Part 1) (published March 25, 2016)
10 - Hammurabi: In defense of his mid to late 14th century dates (Part 2) ( published May 15, 2016)
Additional Argument Section (NEW!!!)
A new section has just been added to this website to accommodate as yet unpublished material supportive of the historical revisions currently existing on this website. For clarification we encourage readers to read the brief introduction to the new material by clicking on the "Additional Argument" link in the heading at the top of this webpage. New papers, beginning September 2017, have already begun to appear in this section.
Companion Website
The present website revises the dynastic histories of the Hittites, the Babylonians, the Egyptians and to a lesser extent the Assyrians for one reason only. As explained above, it began as an attempt to argue the historical reliability of the Hebrew Bible in its depiction of one specific historical event, the decimation of Egypt by the armies of Nebuchadnezzar in the year 565 BC. The effort consumed 18 years of the author's life and ended up confirming the accuracy of a multitude of biblical events, besides the Egyptian holocaust. It is very much an apologetic work though narrowly focused. A companion website at inerrantbible.com has now been started to continue this defense of the integrity of the biblical text. We highly recommend this site to all followers of the Displaced Dynasties series.
The Bottleneck
Most, if not all of these works suffer from the criticism that they consider as sacrosanct the 664-525 B.C. dates for the 26th dynasty, and the date 691-665 B.C. for the reign of Taharkha, the ultimate 25th dynasty pharaoh. Many favor a lowering of dates for dynasties 21 and 22, and presumably therefore for earlier dynasties as well (a domino effect), but are hindered in their research by irresolvable conflicts with the firmly entrenched dates for Taharkha and the 26th dynasty pharaohs.
Without doubt the most influential of the revisionist works is that of Immanuel Velikovsky. In his groundbreaking Ages in Chaos he presented convincing evidence that the Egyptian 18th dynasty should be moved at least 500 years forward in time, from the 16th to 14th centuries B.C. to the late 11th through mid 9th centuries. But there he stopped, unable to relocate the 19th and 20th dynasties which ought to have followed in sequence. There was simply not enough room in the traditional timeline to fit the remaining dynasties. What to do? For the next quarter century the scholastic world waited for Velikovsky to resolve the problem. In 1977 in Peoples of the Sea, and in 1978 in Ramses II and His Time, only a year before Velikovsky's untimely death in 1979, the answer came. The 20th dynasty was moved to the 4th century where its pivotal king Ramses III emerged as Nectanebo I of the 30th dynasty. The 19th dynasty was moved to the late 7th century where Ramses II assumed the identity of the Egyptian king Necho, who killed Josiah king of Judah and fought several battles against the neo-Babylonian army of Nebuchadnezzar (now an alter-ego for the Hittite king Hattusilis). These solutions were clearly unacceptable to fellow revisionists, much less to traditional historians. The logic of Velikovsky's arguments was strained to say the least.
The Solution
The problem for Velikovsky was in large measure the same problem that has faced dozens of reformers who have followed him. There is simply not enough time between the mid 9th century and the year 664 B.C. in which to reposition dynasties 19 to 25. This Displaced Dynasties series of books solves the problem.
Volume 1 moves the 26th dynasty forward in time 121 years, from the traditional dates 664-525 B.C. to a position overlapping a slightly extended 27th (Persian) dynasty (543-404 B.C.).
Volume 2 repositions dynasty 25 roughly between the dates 637 and 565 B.C. and argues strenuously that Piankhi, its founder, assumed as an Egyptian name the nomen and prenomen Menkheperre Thutmose, identifying himself with the 18th dynasty pharoah of like name. It also argues that the 20th and 21st dynasties should be dated in the interval from the mid 8th to the mid 7th century, presenting unimpeachable evidence that Piankhi was the son and successor of Pinudjem I , a 21st dynasty (Theban branch) contemporary of Psusennes II, one of the last kings of the Tanite branch of the 21st dynasty. Thus these two books essentially remove the bottleneck, allowing a full century (mid 9th to mid 8th century B.C.) in which to situate the 19th dynasty.
Volume 3: Positioning the 19th dynasty, and slightly revising Velikovsky's positioning of the 18th dynasty, were the tasks of the third book in the Displaced Dynasties series. It turns out that Velikovsky was only about 50 years late in his placement of dynasty 18. Many of his arguments have been marginally revised and/or rephrased in Volume 3 of our series. In this volume the Amarna age of Egypt is dated to the years 930-900 B.C., synchronous with the beginning of the divided monarchy in Israel. Akhenaton, the heritic king of Egypt responsible for introducing a deviant form of monotheism into Egyptian religion, supposedly the inspiration for later developments in Israelite religion (and literature), turns out to have lived at the end of the 10th century B.C. His ideas were clearly antecedent to the fully developed religion of Israel. There can be no doubt that he received his belief in one all powerful deity from the writings of kings David and Solomon, not the reverse. The 19th dynasty kings Seti I and Ramses II are dated 869-840 and 840-774 B.C. respectively, the death of the latter preceding by less than a decade the cataclysm which ended the dynasty.
Volume 4, the last in the series, deals exclusively with the 2nd millenium B.C., providing a reliable timeline for dynasties 3-17, i.e. from the time of Imhotep, the powerful visier of pharaoh Djoser of the 3rd dynasty (whom we identify conclusively as the Israeli boy genius Joseph ben Jacob), to the 17th dynasty Hyksos/Amalekite king Apophis, whose dealings with Saul, the first king of Israel, are documented in the Hebrew Bible.
Mesopotamian History Section
New material is periodically being added to this website in a section entitled "Mesopotamian History". To date we have presented the following ten papers, which we encourage readers to peruse at their leisure. PLEASE NOTE THAT PAPERS #1-10 COMPLETELY REVISE BABYLONIAN HISTORY BETWEEN THE YEARS 970-715 BC!! and PAPER #10 PROVIDES DATES FOR THE EARLY KASSITE KINGS AND THE AMORITE AND SEALAND DYNASTIES. THE RECENTLY PUBLISHED PAPER #11a BEGINS A TWO PART SERIES OF PAPERS DEFENDING THE 1351-1309 BC DATES ASSIGNED HAMMURABI IN PAPER 10.
NOTE: ALL PAPERS CAN BE ACCESSED HERE OR FROM THE CHRONOLOGY SECTION.
1. Argument proving the existence of a late 10th century Ashuruballit.
2. Babylonian Dynastic History - An Outline (The Beginning of a revision of Babylonian History).
3. Argument that the later kings of the Babylonian “dynasty of E” were vassals of the 8th century 3rd dynasty Kassite kings.
The following four papers all argue that the early kings of the Babylonian "dynasty of E" were vassals of the 10th/9th century 3rd dynasty Kassites.
Paper #4 - Arguments 1 & 2: The Babylonian Campaigns and the Annals of Adad-nirari II
(published Oct 17, 2015)
Paper #5 - Argument 3: Redating the Broken Obelisk. (published Nov 12, 2015)
Paper #6 - Arguments 4 & 5: The annals of Tukulti-Ninurta II and the kin-group of Arad-Ea. (published Dec. 15, 2015)
Paper #7 - Arguments 6 & 7: Synchronisms involving the Shandabakku and miscellaneous others. (published Jan. 25, 2016)
8. Dating the Kassite kings #1 - 16, the 1st Sealand dynasty, & the Amorite dynasty (including Hammurabi). (published March 15, 2016)
9. Hammurabi: In defense of his mid to late 14th century dates (Part 1) (published March 25, 2016)
10 - Hammurabi: In defense of his mid to late 14th century dates (Part 2) ( published May 15, 2016)
Additional Argument Section (NEW!!!)
A new section has just been added to this website to accommodate as yet unpublished material supportive of the historical revisions currently existing on this website. For clarification we encourage readers to read the brief introduction to the new material by clicking on the "Additional Argument" link in the heading at the top of this webpage. New papers, beginning September 2017, have already begun to appear in this section.
Companion Website
The present website revises the dynastic histories of the Hittites, the Babylonians, the Egyptians and to a lesser extent the Assyrians for one reason only. As explained above, it began as an attempt to argue the historical reliability of the Hebrew Bible in its depiction of one specific historical event, the decimation of Egypt by the armies of Nebuchadnezzar in the year 565 BC. The effort consumed 18 years of the author's life and ended up confirming the accuracy of a multitude of biblical events, besides the Egyptian holocaust. It is very much an apologetic work though narrowly focused. A companion website at inerrantbible.com has now been started to continue this defense of the integrity of the biblical text. We highly recommend this site to all followers of the Displaced Dynasties series.
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